The Art of Wine and Cheese Pairing: A Complete Guide

Few culinary combinations are as timeless and universally loved as wine and cheese. This classic pairing has been enjoyed for centuries, and for good reason: when matched correctly, wine and cheese enhance each other in ways that elevate both to new heights.

The Science Behind the Pairing

Wine and cheese work so well together because of basic flavor chemistry. Cheese contains fat and protein, which coat your palate and mellow the tannins in wine. Meanwhile, the acidity in wine cuts through the richness of cheese, cleansing your palate and making you want another bite.

This interplay creates a balanced experience where neither the wine nor the cheese dominates. Instead, they dance together in harmony.

The Golden Rules of Pairing

Before diving into specific combinations, keep these fundamental principles in mind:

Match Intensity

Light, delicate cheeses pair best with lighter wines, while bold, aged cheeses can stand up to fuller-bodied wines. A subtle fresh goat cheese would be overwhelmed by a powerful Cabernet Sauvignon, just as a pungent blue cheese would steamroll a delicate Pinot Grigio.

Consider Regional Pairings

The old adage “what grows together, goes together” holds true. Cheeses and wines from the same region often make natural partners. Think French Comté with a Jura white, or Italian Parmigiano-Reggiano with Chianti.

Balance Fat with Acidity

Creamy, high-fat cheeses benefit from wines with good acidity to cut through the richness. Sparkling wines are particularly effective here.

Classic Pairings to Try

Soft Ripened Cheeses

Brie and Camembert pair beautifully with Champagne or Crémant. The bubbles and acidity slice through the buttery richness, while the wine’s yeasty notes complement the cheese’s earthy flavors. If you prefer still wine, try an unoaked Chardonnay or a light Pinot Noir.

Fresh Cheeses

Fresh goat cheese (Chèvre) finds its perfect match in Sauvignon Blanc. The wine’s herbaceous notes and bright acidity mirror the cheese’s tangy, citrusy qualities. Sancerre, made from Sauvignon Blanc in the Loire Valley, is the classic choice.

Hard Aged Cheeses

Aged Cheddar pairs wonderfully with Cabernet Sauvignon. The wine’s tannins soften against the cheese’s crystalline texture, while dried fruit notes in the wine echo the cheese’s nutty complexity. For something different, try aged Cheddar with a tawny Port.

Parmigiano-Reggiano shines alongside Italian reds like Barolo or Brunello di Montalcino. The cheese’s umami-rich, nutty profile complements these wines’ dried cherry and earthy notes perfectly.

Blue Cheeses

Roquefort and Sauternes is one of the world’s great pairings. The wine’s honeyed sweetness provides a counterpoint to the cheese’s salty, pungent character. The contrast is striking and delicious. Port and Stilton offer a similar sweet-meets-savory experience.

Washed Rind Cheeses

Époisses and Gewürztraminer make a surprisingly harmonious pair. The wine’s aromatic intensity and slight sweetness can handle the cheese’s powerful, funky flavors. Avoid tannic reds here, as they can clash with these pungent cheeses.

Building a Cheese Board

When creating a cheese board for wine, include variety:

• One soft cheese (Brie, Camembert, or fresh goat)
• One semi-hard cheese (Gruyère, Manchego, or Gouda)
• One hard aged cheese (Cheddar, Parmigiano, or Pecorino)
• One blue or adventurous option (Roquefort, Gorgonzola, or a washed rind)

This variety ensures everyone finds something they love and allows for experimentation with different wines.

Tips for Success

Serve cheese at room temperature. Cold cheese mutes flavors. Take your cheese out of the refrigerator 30-60 minutes before serving.

Start mild, finish strong. Progress from fresh, mild cheeses to aged, intense ones. Your palate will thank you.

Don’t forget the accompaniments. Crusty bread, plain crackers, fresh and dried fruits, and nuts add texture and complementary flavors without competing with the wine.

Keep an open mind. Rules are meant to be broken. If you discover an unconventional pairing you love, embrace it.

Use Technology to Your Advantage

Not sure what wine to pair with the cheese you just bought? Scan your wine with Sommo and use the tasting notes to guide your cheese selection. The app’s learning modules also cover food pairing fundamentals, helping you develop your intuition over time.

Start Experimenting

The best way to learn about wine and cheese pairing is through tasting. Pick up a bottle and a few cheeses this weekend, invite some friends over, and start exploring. Take notes on what works and what doesn’t.

Remember: there are no wrong answers, only personal preferences waiting to be discovered.

Photo by Charlie Solorzano on Unsplash